Content:
- About Tripura
- Location, Borders and State Symbols
- History
- Geography
- Demography
- Agriculture
- Tourism
- Government and politics
- Society and Culture of Tripura
About Tripura
The former princely state of Tripura was ruled by Maharajas of Manikya dynasty. It was an independent administrative unit under the Maharaja even during the British rule in India, though it was being subject to the recognition of the British, as the paramount power of each successive ruler. As per Rajmala, the royal chronology of Tripura, a total of 179 kings ruled over the state.
Tripura merged with the Indian Union after independence on the 15th October, 1949 and became a Union Territory without legislature with effect from November 1, 1956 and a popular ministry was installed in Tripura on July 1, 1963. Tripura became a full-fledged State on the 21st January, 1972. At present there are 8 districts, 23 sub-divisions, 58 blocks and also one Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council (TTAADC) in the state. The TTAADC was set up in 1982 under the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution, which was then brought under the Sixth Schedule in 1985. The TTAADC covers about 2/3rd of the total area (68.10% of the territory) of the State. It covers all the eight districts and has 1/3rd population of the State.
Tripura is one of the Northeastern seven sister states in India with its area coverage of 10,491.69 km² (4,050.86sq.m). Tripura is the 3rd smallest State of India located in the North Eastern Region. Tripura has diverse range of topography, people, flora and fauna. Tripura is a landlocked hilly state in northeastern India with altitudes varying from 15 to 940 m above sea level, though the majority of the population lives in the plains. Tripura has a tropical climate and receives considerable rainfall during the monsoons. It is surrounded on the north, west, and south by Bangladesh and is accessible to the rest of India through the Karimganj district of Assam and Aizwal district of Mizoram in the east. The length of its international border with Bangladesh is 856 km (84 per cent of its total border) while it shares a 53 km border with Assam and a 109 km border with Mizoram. The state extends between 22°56N and 24°32'N and 90°09'E and 92°10'E. Its maximum stretch measures about 184 km (114 mi) from north to south and 113 km (70 mi) from east to west with an area of 10,491.69 sq km.
Location, Border and State Symbols:
1. Total Area of Tripura: 10,491.69km².
2. Coordinates: 23.9408° N, 91.9882° E.
3. Location: Latitude 23º45' N and Longitude 90º30' E
4. Area cover with forests: 6,294.287km² (59.99%).
5. Extreme Length and width: Length: 183.5km and Width: 112.7km
6. Total border length of Tripura: 1,018km.
7. Tripura’s border sharing with Bangladesh: 856km (84% of its boundary).
8. Tripura’s border sharing with the rest of India: 162km.
9. Tripura border sharing with Mizoram: 109km
10. Tripura’s sharing border with Assam: 53km.
11. Altitude of Agartala: 12.80 metres.
12. State Flower: Nageshwar.
13. State Fruit: Pine-Apple.
14. State tree: Agar tree.
15. State Animal: Chasma (Spectacles Monkey).
16. State Bird: Dhuk-Kal (Green Imperial Pegion)
History
In Sanskrit, Tripura means 'three cities'. Paleolithic tools that are made from fossil wood are found in Khowai and Haora valleys. The state is mentioned in all the Indian epics like the Mahabharata, the Puranas, and the Edicts of Ashoka. Kirat Desh is the old name of Tripura. But, it is not clear whether Kirat Desh is coterminous with modern Tripura. The entire region of this state was ruled by Twipra kingdom for many centuries. As years passed by, the boundaries of the kingdom have changed. The state is house to various royal palaces as well as temples that attract tourists and vacationers from across the world. Agartala, the capital city, is a popular sight-seeing location.
Tripura became the princely state at the time of British rule in India. Udaipur that was located in the southern part of this state was the capital of Twipra Kingdom. Bir Chandra Manikya modelled and displayed the administration on the British India pattern. He also enacted reforms that include the formation of the Municipal Corporation of Agartala. After India gained independence in the year 1947, the Tippera district became a part of East Pakistan. The Tripura Merger Agreement was signed by the Maharani Regent in the year 1949. In the year 1956, the state became a union territory. An elected ministry was set up in the year 1963.
Geography
Tripura is a landlocked state in North East India, where the seven contiguous states - Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura - are collectively known as the Seven Sister States. Spread over 10,491.69 km2 (4,050.86 sq mi), Tripura is the third-smallest among the 29 states in the country, behind Goa and Sikkim. It extends from 22°56'N to 24°32'N, and 91°09'E to 92°20'E. Its maximum extent measures about 184 km (114 mi) from north to south, and 113 km (70 mi) east to west. Tripura is bordered by the country of Bangladesh to the west, north and south; and the Indian states of Assam to the north east; and Mizoram to the east. It is accessible by national highways passing through the Karimganj district of Assam and Mamit district of Mizoram.
The physiography is characterised by hill ranges, valleys and plains. The state has five ranges of hills running north to south, from Boromura in the west, through Atharamura, Longtharai and Shakhan, to the Jampui Hills in the east. The intervening synclines are the Agartala-Udaipur, Khowai-Teliamura, Kamalpur-Ambasa, Kailasahar- Manu and Dharmanagar-Kanchanpur valleys. At an altitude of 939 m (3,081 ft), Betling Shib in the Jampui range is the state's highest point. The small isolated hillocks interspersed throughout the state are known as Tillas, and the narrow fertile alluvial valleys. mostly present in the west, are called lungas. A number of rivers originate in the hills of Tripura and flow into Bangladesh. The Khowai, Dhalai, Manu, Juri and Longai flow towards the the Gumti to the west; and the Muhuri and Feni to the south west.
The lithostratigraphy data published by the Geological Survey of India dates the rocks, on the geologic time scale, between the Oligocene epoch, approximately 34 to 23 million years ago, and the Holocene epoch, which started 12,000 years ago. The hills have red laterite soil that is porous. The flood plains and narrow valleys are overlain by alluvial soil, and those in the west and south constitute most of the agricultural land. According to the Bureau of Indian Standards, on a scale ranging from I to V in order of increasing susceptibility to earthquakes, the state lies in seismic zone V.
Demography
Tripura is the 2nd most populous state in the North Eastern Region after Assam. The social composition of the population of Tripura is diverse. Around one-third of the population belongs to the Scheduled Tribes. The state's population is 36.74 lakh, (2011 census) with a density of 350 persons per sq. km. In 1901 Tripura's population was 1.73 lakh, with tribals making up nearly 52.89 percent of the whole. By 1941, the total population rose to 5.13 lakh with a barely 50.09 percent tribal majority. But by 1981, the tribal population dipped to 28.44 percent of a total population. Sex Ratio is 960 (in 2001 it was 948); in all India scenario it is 943. Schedule Cast Population is 17.8% of total population. Schedule Tribe Population is 31.8% of total Population. Literacy rate, as per the 2011 Census was 87.75% (against 73.19% in 2001). By 08.09.2014, literacy rate of the state reached upto 96.82 percent. Bengalis represent a major portion of the population of the state. The state has nineteen ethnic groups, as well as sub-groups with different cultures and languages. The largest group in the state was Tripuris who speak Kokborok. The other groups that are present in this state, along with their population are Reang, Chakma, Jamatia, Mog, Halam, Kuki, Munda and Garo. The language that is mostly spoken is Bengali due to a high percentage of the Bengali population in this state. Kokborok is the language that is prominent among the tribal population.
Agriculture
Agriculture in various forms has been the mainstay in the lives of people in Tripura. The primary sector contributes about 64% of total employment in the state and about 48% of the State Domestic Product (SDP). A variety of Horticultural/ Plantation Crops are produced in Tripura like Pineapple, Orange, Cashew nut, Jackfruit, Coconut, Tea, Rubber, Forest Plantations etc. At present both conventional settled agriculture in the plains and Jhum system of cultivation in he hills are practiced, although earlier many tribal people depended more on Jhum system of cultivation, perhaps due to their life-pattern i.e. predominantly living in the hill areas.
Tourism
If you want to visit this state, then you can explore the various mesmerizing places that are located here. The state has many natural charms. The sightseeing tour of this state will provide a delightful and charming experience for a tourist. There are various architectural wonders in this state like Kunjaban and Neermahal Palace. It is considered as the ideal tourist spot in the Northeast part of India. Kamalasagar Kali and Bhuvaneswari temple are the two holy places in the state. Many pilgrims and tourists visit Tripura in order to see the famous temples of this region. There are various wildlife attractions in Tripura. The wildlife lovers will certainly want to come to this state for visiting the various wildlife destinations. Gumti Wildlife Sanctuary is home to elephants, barking deer and bison. Sepahijala Sanctuary offers shelter to the migratory birds. Trishna and Rowa Wildlife sanctuary are also famous and renowned for wildlife species. The attraction spots of Tripura also cover a number of astounding royal places, such as Neermahal Palace. It is a famous palace that was built by incorporating the styles of Muslim and Hindu. Ujjayanta Palace is another well-known tourist spot in Agartala, Tripura. Kunjaban Palace is also a famous destination for sightseeing.
Government and Politics
The state of Tripura is ruled by a democratic parliamentary system. The residents of this state are granted universal suffrage. The government of Tripura has three branches: judiciary, legislative and executive. The Legislative Assembly of Tripura consists of office bearers and elected members that are chosen by various members. The Speaker controls the assembly meetings and conferences. In the absence of the Speaker, a Deputy Speaker conducts the meetings. The members of the Legislative Assembly are elected for a period of five years. The judiciary or magistrate is selected by the High Court of Tripura. In addition, the Indian President appoints the Governor of this state and the Governor appoints the Chief Minister. The governor appoints the committee of ministers after getting the advice and recommendations of the Chief Minister.
Tripura sends one and two representatives to Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha respectively. The local body elects panchayats for different villages in this state.
Society and Culture of Tripura
The diverse groups of this state have led to a multiple and composite culture. The various ethnic groups of the state are Bengali, Tripuri, Manipuri, Reang, Jamatia, Koloi, Noatia, Chakma, Murasing, Garo, Halam, Mizo, Kuki, Munda, Mogh, Santhal, Uchoi and Oraon. The Bengali population constitutes the largest community of this state. Due to this reason, Bengali culture is considered as the main non-indigenous culture. A lot of tribal families that live in the towns have embraced the Bengali language and culture. Tripuri kings are considered as the greatest patrons and supporters of Bengali culture, particularly literature. Bangla was also the court language. Bengali cuisine, music and literature are widespread, mainly in urban areas. Tripura is famous for cane handicrafts and bamboo, and these are mainly utilised for making a wide range of utensils, furniture, fans, mats, replicas, baskets, materials for interior decoration and idols. Dance and music are an integral part of the culture in this state. Local instruments like sumui (a kind of flute), chongpreng and sarinda (string instruments) are quite popular in this state. The indigenous communities have their own collection of dances and songs that are performed at the time of religious occasions, weddings and other events. The 'Goria dance' is performed by Jamatia and Tripuri people at the time of Goria Puja. Some of the dance forms of Tripura are jhum dance, mamita dance, lebang dance, mosak sulmani dance etc.
The main languages that are widely spoken in this Northeastern state are Kokborok and Bengali and are specified as official languages of the state. In addition, various minority languages are also spoken in this state. English is also used for official purpose. The widely spoken language is Bengali as the state has a large number of Bengali population. On the other hand, the language of Kokborok is quite prominent among the tribal population.
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